فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه و تحول
سال یکم شماره 3 (پیاپی -3، پاییز 1388)

This paper enriches the resource based view in corporate level strategy and while centralizing on parent companies, replaces the competitive advantage concept- which is a key issue in defining business level strategy- with a parallel term in corporate level strategy named parenting advantage and presents it in parent corporate level. Then, it concentrates on internal characteristics of parent companies as the key source of parenting advantage and suggests five advantage-creating characteristics. It also discusses the main role of parenting advantage as a guideline for making twofold decisions at corporate level strategy including portfolio (investment basket), control decisions, and subsidiary enterprise guidance. All these decisions should be assessed on the basis of their effects on developing or sustaining parenting advantage. Finally, competitive position matrix is extended to parenting position matrix which can be applied in parent companies

One of the main issues managers face with, is to improve the performance of employees and in turn increase the organizational productivity. In the present study, among the factors affecting the employee's performance, the social capital is addressed. In this respect, In order to access the purpose of this study, Nahapiet & Ghoshal Models were used to examine the effect of social capital. Although a standard questionnaire was used to collect data for the study, its reliability and durability were approved by reporters viewpoints and α coefficient of chronbach respectively. 75 questionnaires were collected out of 78 ones distributed amongst statistical population. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. Since the present research was correlational type, spearman correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. Statistical hypothesis testing indicated a positive relationship between social capital and the performance of employees. In other words, it means that the more social capital the employees have, the more performance they have.

This article discusses that official automation is one of the important tools to reach useful ways to save time and for the optimum utilization of available resource in an organization. This article aims to identify the effect of employing official automation on the productivity of human resources. Using the analyses carried out on collected data, it was concluded that official automation is effective in increasing productivity.

Human Resource Supply is considered as one of the principal tasks of management, and the other managerial tasks (such as planning, organization, etc.) in practice realize just when the right and skilled human resource exist to implement them. The Appropriate selection of staff is of utmost importance, because the selection of inappropriate personnel, i.e. the people do not have adequate skills and eligibilities or leave the organization after a while, imposes heavy costs to the organization.Selecting and recruiting the staff is a multi-criteria decision-making issue, which encompasses numerous indices. The present research is an attempt to identify and prioritize those indices. The research statistic sample includes high-ranking executive managers, managers in human resource department, the academic faculty members and educational managers in private sectors, offices and departments in Qazvin province. This research is an applied-descriptive type in which the relationship between the indices and the factors affecting the job-fitness have been investigated using mathematical multi-criteria decision-making methods and Group Analytical Hierarchy Process (GAHP) technique, as well as the calculation and pair comparison approach. The Hierarchy Process analysis indicates that these two factors have different effects in public and private sectors. Hence, if these factors are controlled at the time of recruitment, the job fitness can be maximized.

In order to obtain an optimum economical system in our country, there is a call to choose the shortest and fastest path for achieving the goal. The system can only achieve this goal, when it could obtain the best and maximum outputs by spending the least inputs. Hence, there is only one way ahead, which is the way of productivity. Among different areas of productivities, human resource productivity plays one of the most significant roles in the whole system productivity because the human resource is the provider of the capital. Hence, the lack of human resources reflects itself as capital demand and economical dependency.The present paper, based on the investigation carried out on the country industry and by considering the impact of computer on the level of human resource productivity in the administrative section, has been attempted to determine the drawbacks of the system. In order to successfully determine the drawbacks, the parameters such as the conditions of securing a job vacancy regarding to the level of computer literacy of the personnel, the speed of fulfilling a task using computers and the condition of the job, the security of computer utilization, the level of output yield from investing in computer utilization and the level of satisfaction from computer utilization, has been taken into account. The mentioned parameters have been ranked according to their maladjustment with computer utilization, from personnel and managers point of view. Consequently, in order to remove these drawbacks and increase human resource productivity, some solutions are presented. For conducting this research, several automobile industries as the investigating cases have been chosen randomly. The final analysis by information collection and data statistical surveys has been carried out and then the outcomes are presented.

Entrepreneurship is a learning process, and on the other hand, learning itself, forms the main part of the entrepreneurship process. An entrepreneurship theory involves the learning theory. In order to achieve knowledge, acquire sources and management, entrepreneurs should take part in learning process. Entrepreneurial learning is defined as a continus process that provides the development of the knowledge required for the successful commencement of an activity and unexpected-events management. In this paper, having presented a conceptual framework, we consider the consequences of conversion process from the experience of entrepreneurs into entrepreneurial knowledge. In order to examine the relationship between professional experience of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial knowledge creation, this conceptual framework indicated that we should have a better understanding from the influence of conversion process from entrepreneurs experience to the knowledge and efficient factors in the conversion process. In the present paper, a conceptual framework of entrepreneurial learning process based on preliminary recognition of learning, entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial learning as well as some important related topics is presented. Finally, the aforementioned items are concluded, and presented in discussion and conclusion sections and managerial applications.

It seems that banks as financial institutions have similar tasks and services, but they are different in terms of organizational environment and existing human relations between the staff and participation tasks in decision making and efficiency. The experienced top managers are aware of the fact that if the existing conditions in banks are not optimal, their overall performance and efficiencies will be eventually unacceptable. In other words, banks with identical and similar facilities will have different levels of success. Therefore, the difference between banks is not merely restricted to the number of clients, facilities and other quantitative characteristics. Each bank has its unique characteristics differentiating it from others. Such an internal characteristic called organizational environment comes from the interactions between the working groups including the boss and the staff, and even it affects not only the behavior of employees, but also that of clients. On the other hand, the efficiency of banks is of great importance, then the study of the effective factors on the efficiency of banks finds a special position. The present study attempts to investigate the relationship between the organizational environment and the efficiency of the banks in Karaj province.

It stands to reason that customers are the principal element in the bank system. In fact, all activities are done only for their satisfaction and attraction. Hence, in competitive environment among banks, the only ones are successful that could acquire more customer allegiance. Thus, in the present study, the effects of implementing clientele reverence plan in the loyalty level of bank customers are evaluated. The purpose of present study are as follows: recognizing and making transparent the efficient functions of bank employees in the loyalty level of customers, recognition the relationship between the elements of clientele reverence plan and the loyalty level of bank customers, and how the elements of clientele reverence plan affect the loyalty level of customers. Causal comparison method from correlation research division is used in this study. Friedman and chi-squared tests are applied for the test hypotheses of this paper. In order to collect data, 120 questionnaires are distributed among the customers of Iran Melli Bank. The results showed that there was meaningful differences between two variable parts of clientele reverence plan in customer viewpoints. Furthermore, there was no meaningful relationships between implementing clientele reverence plan and customer allegiance in terms of two adjusting variables (i.e. account type and education level).